Eliminate repetition by replacing the boldfaced word or words with a synonym from your lesson words. Some people have argued "to the victors belong the spoils [riches] of the enemy." If a ruler were to have religious tolerance then he can have other rules and restrictions for citizens to follow since they don't need to believe a certain one. In each of the given sentences, underline the relative pronoun and circle the word to which it refers. \end{array} & 2314.71 & 36 & 64.30 & & & \\ in synagogues near the walls of Rome, This group of people originally settled Oregon and helped to establish many of the trails west. Below the royals was a second class of the nobility, a small wealthy group that owned most of the land. Stopped crusades and expanded Islam. Negative - disease, environmental issues, more money being spent to fix the issues. The fall of the Songhai Empire marked the end of the Mali Empire, which had previously been the dominant power in West Africa. Describe European maritime empires: Portuguese. The fall of the Inca Empire marked the end of the pre-Columbian civilizations in South America and the beginning of the colonial period. Before 1450, regional trade was all the rage as the Silk Roads, Indian Ocean network, and Trans-Saharan routes exploded with more merchants and goods flowing. Once contact with the Americas was open, the Spanish, French, English, and Dutch increasingly invested in the explorations. The French Empire, also known as the Napoleonic Empire, was a French state that ruled over a large territory that included parts of Europe, Africa, and the Americas from the early 19th to the mid-19th century. This is why the ancient civilizations are so fascinating because they all developed similar structures without knowing about each other. How did the Ottoman Empire (c. 1300-1922), in Middle East & Southern Europe centralize their bureaucracies? Before 1450, Europeans did not play a prominent role on the global stage, but after 1450, Europeans were the main puppeteers of the global economy. Describe the impact of the Columbian Exchange on the Eastern Hemisphere (Old World). Legitimizing Power 4. Land Based Empires 1450-c. 1750 Flashcards | Quizlet Land Based Empires 1450-c. 1750 Term 1 / 22 What were the characteristics of the Ottoman Empire? The Incas were skilled metalworkers and weavers and produced many works of art and crafts in gold, silver, and other materials. The Meiji period saw the modernization and westernization of Japan, as the country opened up to foreign influence and underwent rapid industrialization and urbanization. \text { Source of } \\ The Incan Empire was founded in the early 13th century and reached its height of power in the 15th century, when it controlled a large territory that included much of the western Andes and parts of present-day Ecuador, Chile, Bolivia, and Argentina. Answer:The fact that the Ottoman Empire became more prominent from 1450 to 1750 had a great impact on global trade networks and in the way trade was conducted in the area. What is a caravel and why was it significant in the 1450 to 1750 time period? The Dutch were high rollers in this time and played a main role in finance. The explosion of the slave trade seriously weakened African kingdoms that had been on the rise before this time. Were very wealthy, powerful and diverse. What court rituals did the Songhai Empire (c. 1464 - 1591), in West Africa centralize their bureaucracies? Explorers also tried to proselytize others. (Christians and Muslims). On the backs of millions of slaves, sugar eventually outpaced silver as the most profitable good at the time. The empire was also a center of learning and scholarship, with the establishment of several major universities and the support of scholars and intellectuals. , g was "American Progress." With over 1500 different dialects, most slaves did not share a common language, which meant that native tongues were lost over time. Safavids were Shia Islam, and the Mughals were Sunni, West Africa, Morocco invaded Songhai and eventually brought it down, Examples: Muslim & Hindus in the Mughal Empires, Muslims & Christians in the Ottoman Empire. Stopped crusades and expanded Islam. Trade between Europe and Asia had to go through the Mediterranean, which was controlled by Italian city-states. New technology More exploration Columbian Exchange, New foodstuffs increased the population everywhere, Except for the Americas where disease decimated everyone , Migration of people Spread of religion, new syncretic cultures, Integration of the west trade was actually global new Maritime (sea-based) powers, Mercantilism & capitalism became predominant economic policies, The new global economy had long-lasting effects, European middle class gained wealth Industrialization possible, Prosperity funding for arts and architecture, Slave trade intensified as demand for labor increased, Other coerced systems created (encomienda, mita), Social class based on race & ethnicity, first time ever, Transport paid in exchange for 7 years of unpaid labor, Development of European colonies overseas, Opening of new trade routes over the Atlantic and Pacific, Population growth, which increased demand for goods, Vodun - West African spiritualism brought to caribbean, Candomble - dance to honor the gods, Bantu + Brazil, Virgin of Guadalupe - Indigenous + Catholic, Queen Nzingas rebellion in modern-day Angola, Pueblo & Apache Revolt in present-day New Mexico, Gloucester County Slave Rebellion (Virginia), Glorious Revolution (Catholic vs. Protestant in England). Africans were kidnapped, often with the help of local rulers, and brought to the New World. Universities, mosques, and hospitals were built. This included the development of military professionals Learning Objective 3.4.D These are a good comparison of the methods by which various empires increased their influence from 1450-1750. The Mughals, under Akbar and several of his successors, were religiously tolerant of the Hindu majority which allowed themselves to be seen as legitimate rulers. Include both positive and negative outcomes. The Mughal Empire was one of the largest and most powerful empires in the world, at its peak stretching from present-day Afghanistan and Pakistan in the west to Bangladesh and parts of India in the east. What factors caused the Columbian Exchange? Rulers used a variety of methods to legitimize and consolidate power in land- based empires. prevent a civil war from happening Unit 3 (Land-Based Empires): 1450-1750 Review, Social Studies American History: Reconstruction to the Present Guided Reading Workbook, Dahia Ibo Shabaka, Larry S. Krieger, Linda Black, Phillip C. Naylor, Roger B. Beck. The only one of the singers who (knows, know) this part is absent. His family ruled for 300 years & were the last czars of Russia. a) Identify ONE way in which ethnic divisions affected the - Brainly The Ming dynasty saw the completion of the Great Wall of China and the construction of the Forbidden City in Beijing, as well as the development of a thriving economy based on agriculture, trade, and manufacturing. How did Maritime (sea-based) Empires exert and expand their power? They would kidnap slaves and trade them to Europeans in exchange for wealth and guns, which made local rivalries far more violent. Together, they defeated the Portuguese in 1647, but the Dutch retreat from central Africa a year leaving the region vulnerable. There were many plantations built for sugar to keep up with sugar demand. The empire was also a center of learning and scholarship, with the establishment of several major universities and the support of scholars and intellectuals. They brutalized the native population and believed in profit over faith. Include any . They built roads and bridges and created a tribute system to gain power. Finally, Europeans built massive military strength because of trade profits and access to new weapons. However in 1675, Metacom mounted one last effort to drive the British off the Native land. (verb), i.o.i.o.i.o. 3. (indirect object), d.o.d.o.d.o. How did Aztec Empire (1428-1521), in Mesoamerica consolidate power in this era? The Ming dynasty ended in 1644, when it was deposed by the Qing dynasty. Ethnic divisions: The majority Han ethnicity faced the most intolerance from the Qing. The most common destination for slaves was Brazil because sugar was so harsh to cultivate that the lifespan of slaves was extremely short (5-10% of slaves died every year). #traderace. You can specify conditions of storing and accessing cookies in your browser, In the Manifest Destiny Nearpod and videos, there was an image of people moving and in the center, there was a woman in white. Silver and gold, columbian exchange, plantation farming. The Spanish Empire was a global empire centered in Spain that ruled over a large portion of the world from the 15th to the early 19th centuries. West \end{array} & 2997.11 & 3 & 999.04 & 15.54 & 1.2 \mathrm{E}-06 & 2.866 \\ During the French Empire, the arts, including literature, music, and architecture, flourished. Bureaucracy/Military (ex: Ottoman devshirme, salaried samurai) Improved commercial practices led to trade to expand and expand the range of existing trade routes. European monarchs were also patrons of artists for the same reason. In the Americas, they did not have gunpowder but a large military still led to intimidation and the consolidation of power. They had numerous canals, causeways, and bridges and central walled area with palaces and temples. The Ottomans were Sunni Muslims while the Safavids (1501-1736, Persia) were Shi'a Muslims. States utilized the economic, political and military contributions of different ethnic and religious groups. They embraced "Divine Right" which claims that the king is God's representative on Earth and carries out his bidding. , r to the interactive in the lesson for information on each group.) The Russian Empire came to an end in the early 20th century, following the Russian Revolution of 1917 and the subsequent collapse of the monarchy. 1453: Ottoman Conquest of Constantinople, Rise of the Ottoman Empire, 1471: Completion of the Sun Temple in Cuzco, rise of the Inca Empire, 1526: Guru Nanak founded the first Sikh Community, 1682: Palace of Versaille completed in France, 1707: Death of Emperor Aurangzeb, weakening of the Mughal Empire, New military weapons make wars more decisive, Increase in the size and number of Empires, Administrative systems more resources to expand, Collapse of Nomadic Empires room for landed empires to expand, Continued spread of major religions associated with empires. wealth sent from one country or ruler to another as a sign that the other is superior, religious reformer who believed in predestination and a strict sense of morality for society, English king who created the Church of England after the Pope refused to annul his marriage (divorce with Church approval). It was also known for having an advanced government system that included a well-organized bureaucracy and a highly centralized administration. Answer:The fact that the Ottoman Empire became more prominent from 1450 to 1750 had a great impact on global trade networks and in the way trade was conducted in the area. Why did they enact these policies? The Columbian Exchange was started by Christopher Columbus and it traded luxury goods around the globe. As Europeans explored and colonized Africa and Asia, they set up. The empire was also a center of learning and scholarship, with the establishment of several major universities and the support of scholars and intellectuals. \end{array} The Ming Dynasty was known for its trade expansion to the outside world, including the establishment of diplomatic relations with the Ottoman Empire and the creation of the Treasure Fleet, a powerful navy that allowed China to become a dominant maritime power. It was founded by Ismail I, who declared the Safavid dynasty to be the region's legitimate rulers. A major change in European thought, starting in the mid-1500s, in which the study of the natural world began to be characterized by careful observation and the questioning of accepted beliefs. In North America, the Spanish had control of the southwest regions, central America, and Florida. Brutal Conquests in the 16th century. What is the mit'a system and how was it exploited by the Spanish empire? Columbus was an all around terrible human being that committed mass genocide, but he gets the namesake of this era because his voyage kicked off a new global trading system. The Ottoman Empire is known for its cultural achievements and its role as a major world power. The Protestant Reformation increased literacy through Europe, created civil rights, gave states more power, and led to modern democracy. When a large number of these investments failed to return profits, many investors went bankrupt which had rippling effects on the economy. The name of the paintin There were two main joint-stock companies. How was the Protestant conflict similar to and different from the Ottoman/Safavid split? By 1450, more people were migrating in search of religious tolerance and economic opportunities. The lateen sail was a triangular sail that allowed ships to sail against wind. The Safavids were Twelver Shia Muslims who made Shia Islam the official religion of the empire. A tribute of young boys that the Ottomans levied on Christian communities. TheFrenchEmpiredeclinedinthenineteenthcentury. How did land based empires in 1450-1700 use religious tolerance? But as of yet, the fastest way to Asia was through the Mediterranean, which was monopolized by the Byzantines followed by the Ottomans. What is a lateen sail and why was it significant in the 1450-1750 time period? It came to an end in the 16th century, when it was conquered by the Moroccan Saadi dynasty. Mita systems. Some women, such as Roxelana, climbed the social ladder from slave to wife of the Ottoman ruler Suleiman the Great. How did the Mexica Aztec organize their empire and generate revenue? \text { Between } \\ Europeans had trading posts in Africa because they then had access to slaves, ivory, gold, and grain. What could be done about them? The most dramatic social changes happened in the Americas because of the influx of Europeans, decimation of Indigenous, and explosion of the African slave trade. 2. Then, underline the verb in parentheses that agrees in number with the word to which the relative pronoun refers. This site is using cookies under cookie policy . The effects consisted of an increase of trade and the Americas got valuable traded goods. The rulers and nobles all converted to Islam. Land-Based Empires 1450-1750 CE Term 1 / 15 Europe Causes/Ways of Expansion Click the card to flip Definition 1 / 15 Monarchies gain pawer due to the end of the medieval period along with more literacy among the population, increasing development economically and centralization Click the card to flip Flashcards Learn Test Match Created by The Mughals in India were open to trade with Europeans and the, The Spanish and Portuguese divided up the lands of the Americas before they even explored or conquered any of it. They had a large bureaucracy and had religious freedom but women had no rights. How did social hierarchies change in this time? These, Gunpowder technology was getting better, making it easier to use guns. They saw each other as heretical and fought each other for land. The empire was also a center of learning and scholarship, with the establishment of several major libraries and the support of scholars and intellectuals. Emperor who reigned from 1736-1795. to collect taxes? The Ottoman, Mughal and Russian empires conquered other lands from 1450-1750 and either proliferated a certain religion or they instituted a religious tolerance policy within their empires. Describe the isolationist policies of China and Japan. This allowed for indirect rule (instead of centralized direct authority), where the Aztec did not have to be present in conquered areas to maintain control. What changes (political, social, cultural) occurred as a result of the Protestant Reformation? The changes in economic policy and increased trade led to innovations in finances, business, and banking. Describe cultural syncretism that occurred as a result of the Atlantic trading system. One way rulers legitimized and consolidated their power was through the use of tributes and taxes. Monumental architecture (giant structures) meant to impress. It was enormous and beautiful. In the Atlantic, the consistent trade from Europe to Africa to the Americas and back to Europe was known as. The Safavid Empire declined in the late 18th century and was eventually dissolved in the early 19th century. From the early sixteenth to the mid-nineteenth centuries, the Mughal Empire ruled South Asia. It did, however, lead to further spread of Christianity. Religion (ex: European notion of divine right, Songhai promotion of Islam) The demographic effects of the slave trade in Africa were unprecedented. It was founded by the Manchu people and ruled from 1644 to 1912. The Portuguese were a growing empire as they conquered trading routes and expanded their access to trade. The Ming Dynasty was a Chinese dynasty that ruled China from 1368 to 1644. AP World: Long Essay Question (LEQ) Overview | Fiveable It was founded in the late 13th century by Turkish tribes who converted to Islam in northwestern Anatolia. What were the motivations and consequences of exploration? Ruled from 1644 until 1911. The Russian Empire was a multiethnic state with over 100 ethnic groups living within its borders. How did Sognhai rulers in West Africa use religion to legitimize their power 1450-1700? This was the dominant religion in the Indian subcontinent and was the belief system of several land-based empires in India, including the Maurya Empire (321-185 BC) and the Mughal Empire . The Ottoman Empire was at its most powerful in the 16th and 17th centuries, when it ruled over much of southeastern Europe, western Asia, and northern Africa. The one thing you need to know about this unit: Lots of territory + diverse populations + external challenges = many different ruling styles, techniques and methods. The French Empire is particularly known for its contributions to the fields of law, administration, and education, as many of the institutions and systems that were developed during this time continue to influence these fields today. Tax (ex: Mughal zamindar tax collection, Ottoman tax farming), used movable type to print, increased literacy and helped spread the Reformation, First absolute tsar of Russia who crushed the boyars, giving him a bad reputation, emperor of Qing dynasty, greatly expanded China's borders. The demand for exploration led to new technological innovations. The original rules were superseded by the addition of several new directives. It caused labor shortages and spread Christianity as well as colonization. I believe I ________close the windows in case of rain. The conquest of the Middle East, North Africa and SE Europe. How did the Qing Dynasty (1644-1912), in China centralize their bureaucracies? The French Empire is known for its cultural achievements and its impact on European politics and history. In AP World History: Modern, Unit 4 spans from 1450 CE to 1750 CE and accounts for 12-15% of the material on the exam. \text { Within } \\ However, there was a business opportunity in the search for resources. 2023 Fiveable Inc. All rights reserved. Relying on overland trade was too slow and you couldnt bring all that many goods with you on a camels back. Between the 14th and early 20th centuries, the Ottoman Empire ruled over much of southeastern Europe, western Asia, and northern Africa. What are the various methods used by land based empires to collect taxes in this era? AP World - 3.4 Comparison in Land-Based Empires | Fiveable Land-Based Empires 1450-1750 CE Flashcards | Quizlet keep the balance of free and slave states Claimed there were only 2 sacraments: baptism and communion. In an effort to genocide Indigenous culture, Europeans were encouraged to procreate with the Indigenous and African communities. What were the characteristics of the Mughal Empire? In order to resist the Portuguese. 1. They had market places in every city with a large variety of goods. Europeans, after the scientific revolution, were often more advanced with technology and weapons, leading to their dominance in the colony. A caravel was a European ship that was used to explore the west coast. States utilized the economic, political and military contributions of different ethnic and religious groups. Indigenous communities were originally enslaved, but they were not a viable long term plan for free/cheap labor. The Portuguese led the way to Sub-Saharan Africa and present-day China, India, Indonesia, but their first to market advantage didnt last long. From the 15th to the early 20th centuries, the Portuguese Empire ruled over a significant portion of the world. This guide was updated to align with the new course! Following the Xinhai Revolution, which ended imperial rule in China, the Qing Empire was dissolved in 1912. How did land-based empires generate revenue to expand and maintain power? How did the Aztecs use Tribute as a means for consolidating power? The Asante benefited from participation in the trading networks as they got slaves, gold, ivory, and kola nuts. All of the ethnic combinations created new social classes organized by race with Europeans the top. In 1655, the British took control of the land forcing the Spanish out. They were able to maintain their power as well as gain power by conquering lands. Cultural syncretism is when cultures blend together and this occurred as slaves were traded back and forth. Describe the Safavid Empire (use SPICE-T characteristics): The Safavid Empire was located in modern-day Iran. Slowed population growth also weakened economic production. Used the Shia version of Islam. Spanish. The Qing Empire was distinguished by a centralized government, a social hierarchy, and a bureaucratic rule system. However, the Americas suffered massive depopulation because of the spread of disease. Arrived in the same wave of Turkish migrations as the Seljuks, Sunni Muslim, largest Muslim empire in history. An internal challenge to power comes from people within the state such as citizens, enslaved people, or colonies. They supported exploration by agricultural, manufactured, and animal products as well as supported slave trade. It was significant because it was the best ship for sea trade. Decide whether the italicized vocabulary word has been used correctly in the sentence. This music would later influence many genres including gospel, blues, jazz, rock n roll, hip hop, reggae, and samba. Even as serfdom was abolished across Europe, Russian serfs were tied to the land through strict laws that had no opportunity for freedom. ), Royal officials in France sent to execute orders of the central government, A palace built by Louis XIV outside of Paris; showed power and wealth of French government. The Songhai Empire is particularly known for its contributions to the study of mathematics, astronomy, and Islamic studies. As a result, practices of polygamy were more common. AP World Short Answer Question (SAQ) Overview - Fiveable What specific states supported maritime exploration in this time period? the reaction of the Roman Catholic Church to the Reformation reaffirming the veneration of saints and the authority of the Pope (to which Protestants objected). New syncretic religions emerged that blended native and colonial traditions. Spanish and Portuguese influence spread across politics, economics, and society in the Americas. How did they deal with political and religious disputes? Black people traded there. Organizing a society is essential to maintaining stability within an Empire. How did the Mexica Aztec justify imperial rule? The Ottoman Turks were able to control the Silk Road, which was a trading route that connected Europe with the markets in Asia and the Middle East. Unit 3: Land-Based Empires C. 1450 - 1750 Topic 3.1 Empires Expand Learning Objective Explain how and why various land-based empires developed and expanded from 1450 to 1750. AP World Unit 3 Land-Based Empires Quiz - Quizizz The term land-based empire--as it explicitly applies to AP World History--refers to empires which existed during the period 1450-1750. How did Islamic Emperors use religion to legitimize their power 1450-1700? South It was distinguished by a global trade network and a system of colonies and dependencies. Native Americans. The Spanish conquered the Aztec Empire in the early 16th century, bringing an end to the Aztec Empire. The French Empire came to an end in the mid-19th century, following Napoleon's defeat at the Battle of Waterloo. During the Songhai Empire, the arts, including literature, music, and architecture, flourished. AP World - 3.3 Belief Systems of Land-Based Empires | Fiveable Escaped serfs began to organize as free peasants, especially in the steppes. During the Aztec Empire, the arts, including literature, music, and architecture, flourished. The Qing Dynasty was the last imperial dynasty in China, ruling from 1644 to 1912. The Ottoman Empire was a major regional power and had a significant influence on the culture and history of the Middle East. (The Ming Dynasty was the last native dynasty in China). After him (not directly) Aurangzeb forbade Hindus and and reversed Akbar's policies. How did the Civil Service Exam system centralize Qing Dynasties? Identify ONE way in which ethnic divisions affected the - Brainly (predicate adjective). Unit 3 - Land-Based Empires 1450-1750 Answer Key - Name: - Course Hero