The cycle can be broken up into five, often difficult to define, phases (see figure 3). Environmental impacts - Introduction to tourism! Today the city welcomes more than 12 million visitors annually (ABS, 2015). Tourism is . , 9-11 February, Massey University, Wellington. Karine Dupre and Caryl Bosman, Development Versus Coastal Protection: The Gold Coast Case Study (Australia),tudes caribennes [Online], 36|Avril 2017, Online since 15 April 2017, connection on 01 May 2023. Dis-placed voices: sense of place and place-identity on the Sunshine Coast, Social and Cultural Geography, 8(5): 755-773. Place meaning and values emerge out of everyday activities and are produced through and by global and societal influences. ensuring there is enough sand on Gold Coast beaches for recreation, mitigating beach erosion risks to infrastructure, keeping our ocean waters are safe for recreational activities. The city is renowned for its natural environment, with 57 kilometres of coastal strip with pristine beaches and unique hinterland landscapes featuring several national parks. Australian Bureau of Statistics (2015). This is a picture taken of the insides of a dead bird. In drier regions, like the Mediterranean, the issue of water scarcity is of particular concern. The Waterways Authority were frequently involved in controversy over commercial development rights on public land in the city (Condon, 2006). LinkedIn. If we analyze the history of the development of the Spit in relation to the conflicts cycle mentioned in the introduction, it appears that this site remains a major object of desire for any new players on the Gold Coast. The beach is a large part of the Gold Coast way of life and is instrumental in shaping our city's culture and economy. Smith, Mrs (2006). 20The SOSAs objections to the state governments development proposal were founded on five key points. Gold Coast's success married to tourism in good times and bad Credits: Dredge D. (2008) & Pryor H. (2015). Griffin, G. (2002). Dianne, D. & T. Jamal (2013). The process of constructing place meanings, values and attachments is the result of a multitude of influences and factors (Dovey, 1999; Creswell, 2004; Massey, 1994; Carter, Dyer and Sharma, 2007; Vanclay, Higgins and Blackshaw, 2008). The report is supplemented with short-term forecasts of the macroeconomic drivers of the Gold Coast economy. The changing face of local government on the Gold Coast, In C. Bosman, A. Dedekorkut-Howes and A. Leach (eds. 17The Gold Coast City Council released the Gold Coast Harbour Study Issues Paper for public comment in 1998. However, historically, the Australian Constitution decreed that the planning and management of crown land was the responsibility of state and territory governments (Wescott, 2008). The Issue Paper and public consultation associated with it was essentially about the making of places; viable places that were valued by new and old players alike. The environmental impacts of tourism have gained increasing attention in recent years. This would inevitably have had severe consequences for the wildlife living in the area. This suggests that the people who signed and attended the Save Our Spit rally were not necessarily the ones who visited the Spit on an everyday, regular basis. 14One place that epitomises the challenges regarding development conflicts and place value in the City of Gold Coast is the Southport Spit. Our monthly newsletters are a great way to stay in touch with city news, events and business. No wonder more. Notwithstanding, the Gold Coast City Councils planning regulations, nor the lengths to which previous National Party Government officials had defended the Spit against development, nor the fact that the Government had specifically set up the Gold Coast Harbours Authority as a local approach to the management of the Broadwater and Spit environs, on 15 September 2005 the Queensland Labor Government announced its intention of developing an international cruise ship terminal and related services on this valued and valuable piece of public open space. in 2010/2011 (DRET, 2012). In areas with high concentrations of tourist activities and appealing natural attractions, waste disposal is a serious problem, contributing significantly to the environmental impacts of tourism. There are many ways you can explore our environment check out Things to do on the Gold Coast for places to visit and enjoy. An example of this was the carbon offsetting fee that I could . We have a 52-kilometre coastline, extending from Point Danger at the New South Wales border to Jumpinpin on South Stradbroke Island. Last year, one of the hottest travel trends was technology. Why the environment is more important for the Gold Coast than we think We are working to protect our environment, recognising the critical importance of healthy natural environments in shaping a strong and sustainable future. No matter which perspective is more accurate, the fact remains that this conflict of interests resulted in Aborigines dying in large numbers, some shot by Native Police, some poisoned by settlers (Moore, 1990). Austin, B. Fischer, M., Giessmann, H. J., eds. Impacts range from global contributions to climate change and ocean pollution to localized effects on endangered plant and animal species in protected areas. Tenefrancia, R. (2016). Greater extraction and transport of these resources exacerbates the physical impacts associated with their exploitation. (by the way- you can help me to be able to keep content like this free for everyone to access by subscribing to my YouTube channel! A member of Parliament at the time in support of the governments Spit development proposal argued that The Beattie Government has a duty to provide, amongst other things, economic stability and employment opportunities for the people of this State (Smith, 2006). Whats purer than mountain fresh water right from the mountain, right? How can the Gold Coast recover from the COVID-19 pandemic? Gold Coast tourism is booming and forecasts indicate its only going to continue to improve. Dianne, D. & T. Jamal (2013). Tourism and Environment | Annual Review of Environment and Resources Vu cette attraction pour le littoral, on pourrait prsumer que lAustralie soit lavant-garde des dveloppements touristiques et de la protection de son littoral. The construction of hotels, recreation and other facilities often leads to increased sewage pollution. Where green turns to gold: Strip cultivation and the Gold Coast hinterland, Transformations 2(March): 1-15. To view the purposes they believe they have legitimate interest for, or to object to this data processing use the vendor list link below. The Spit is located at the northern end of the city (see Figure 1), across the Broadwater from the early (1880s) settlement of Southport, and is the result of the reconfiguration of the sand dune at the mouth of the Nerang River in the late 1800s following a series of storms (see GCCM, 2006). Potts, R., A. Dedekorkut, & C. Bosman (2013). PDF Tourism and Coastal Degradation - United Nations Environment Programme Creating a greener home is easier than you think. It is time to rethink what the Gold Coast offers and how it can maintain its position as a world class destination in a race of ever new compelling destinations around the world. Like all tourism destinations, visitor numbers to the Gold Coast change from one year to the next, although over a longer period of time the area has seen a steady increase in visitors and future projections are for visitor numbers to continue to grow. They also form a key defence against erosion, protecting people, properties and infrastructure. SOSA c. URL: . It was not until the late 1990s when some noticeable changes started to occur. Instead the augment put forward by the government was that the decision not to proceed was based on the cost to taxpayers; an economic, rationale not an environmental, nor a cultural, and certainly not a social or community rationale. Go to our homepage, search your dates to get all the details you need plus pictures and virtual tour. 2. This was given support from Methven Sparkes, President of the Nerang Community Association, who said (SOSA b) On any weekend the Spit is filled with thousands of picnickers, walkers, runners, cyclists, divers and snorkelers, fishers, surfers, dog walkers, and exercise enthusiasts, all of whom value the opportunity to access such a beautiful area so close to the CBD.. The Council of the City of Gold Coast also revealed that 20% of the citys total earnings come from the tourism industry. Queensland Parliamentary Debates 29/09/2005. So, with that tailwind and a globally booming tourism industry, how is the Gold Coast investing into its tourism future? Mayor Tate, backed by the newly elected Newman Liberal National Party State Government put out a call for expressions of interest to develop a range of tourist infrastructure including a casino, hotels and cruise ship terminal on the Spit (See SOSA, a). An average golf course in a tropical country such as Thailand needs 1500kg of chemical fertilizers, pesticides and herbicides per year and uses as much water as 60,000 rural villagers. Australia's Gold Coast: A city producing itself, in Lindner, C. Like all cities in Australia, the City of Gold Coast was developed with the European colonisation of the country and the successive waves of migration. Being a Gold Coast Tourism partner, we strive to help you make well-informed choices without burning a hole in your pocket. Australia's Gold Coast: A city producing itself, in Lindner, C. Type the characters you see in the image below, Catchment & Citizen Science Grants Program, Business incentives & investment programs, Copy of decision notice or plan of development, Development application pre-lodgement advice, Lodge a submission to have your say on a development application, Appealing a development application decision, Residential plumbing & drainage applications, Commercial plumbing & drainage applications, Concurrency plumbing & drainage applications, Stormwater and sediment control on building sites, Building development on cultural heritage sites, Tree & vegetation removal on private land, Tweed River Entrance Sand Bypassing Project, Queensland Department of Environment and Science. The intent of this Paper was to produce an integrated and coordinated land use and management plan for the Gold Coast Broadwater (Whelan, 2006). The Economic Impacts of Tourism on the Gold Coast . Bosman, C. and J. Strickland (2015). Uncontrolled conventional tourism poses potential threats to many natural areas around the world. At the time a Gold Coast channel nine TV news program (SOSA, c) conducted a poll with the question: Will the Beattie Government lose your vote over its push for a cruise ship terminal at The Spit? and the published result showed that 86.4 percent of respondents said YES 23In order to determine what place values, meanings and attachments users of the Spit held, we carried out 88 intercept surveys on the Spit between February and September 2007. We work to protect our dunes and promote healthy native vegetation by: Learn more about how you can care for our coastal environment through Our beaches. Importantly, by declaring the project as a Significant Development the local planning Authority, The Gold Coast City Council, and significantly local communities (old players), were positioned as observers with no authority to input into the project other than decreed and regulated by the State Government (new player). When it comes to increased regional profile, 77% agreed that Gold Coast tourism had helped in this aspect. The report provides the City with valuable information on: The City has a comprehensive data collection regime to monitor our coastline. During this time, the Gold Coast transformed from small resort town to become an international tourist city (Dedekorkut-Howes & Bosman, 2015). The most recent intent (December 2016), as part of the integrated resort development proposal (with the support of the state government) is for the development of five high-rise towers on the Spit. This resulted in the regions most horrific and infamous development conflict, a conflict that was mirrored in nearly all regions across Australia throughout the 18th and 19th Centuries. Based on a study conducted by Tourism Queensland, 55% of residents agree that tourism have positive impact on their lives and on local community. 3The notion of conflict has been well documented since Marx (1959) first wrote about it in 1844 (for example see Kriesberg, 1982; Austin et al., 2011). Memories and frequency of visits contributed to the high value attributed to these two indicators. Tourism can cause the same forms of pollution as any other industry:Air emissions;noise pollution;solid waste and littering; sewage; oil and chemicals. Hundloe, T., B. McDougall and C. Page (2015). 26In an effort to save the Spit from major development a second rally took place in November 2012 and studies indicated that the Spit environs have been identified as a key environmental asset worth more than $611 million for the city (Weston 2013). You can also look at ways to offset your carbon footprint. Race Relations in South East Queensland, 1840-1860, B.A. Best, Y. Dedekorkut-Howes, A. and C. Bosman (2015). Sparkling beaches and waterways are synonymous with our city. Meanwhile, 59% agreed that tourism benefited the Gold Coast because it increased local pride. Interestingly, the Gold Coast circumstances also paralleled the emergence of an environmental prerogative in the interpretation and implementation of the Commonwealth Oceans Policy (Vince, 2008). Much of our coastline is highly urbanised. Dekker, A., Goverde, H., Makowski, T. and Ptaszynska-Woloczkowicz, M. (1992). Shibley (2000). For instance, in 1999, the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act introduced an important change as it gave the Australian Government significant powers to influence coastal environmental policy and planning (. The most significant of these was yet another cruise ship terminal proposal in mid-2012; this time emanating from the City of Gold Coast Council Mayor, Tom Tate (Figure 6). Coral reefs are especially fragile marine ecosystems. Each beach area has a Dune Restoration Works Action Plan. Mobilities on the Gold Coast, Australia: implications for destination governance and sustainable tourism, Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 21: 4, 557-579. Other tourism related developments on the Spit were also approved during this time and were subsequently built, renovated and extended: an exclusive shopping precinct, a commercial fishing wharf (now also accommodates super yacht berths), an exclusive resort complex and an international hotel and apartment complex (Figure 4). Visitor numbers to the Gold Coast are increasing but international tourists are staying shorter and are spending less. On the 11 February 2010 the local Federal Member of Parliament send out an email survey asking his constituents if they wanted a cruise ship terminal on the Spit, the Broadwater or neither? This email followed in the footsteps of a previous announcement by the state government, in mid-2008, of their (renewed) intention of developing a cruise ship terminal in the vicinity of the Southport Spit. This corresponds to the activities of surfing, diving, fishing and dog walking; the four primary everyday activities that take place on the Spit. Since then, coastal management in Australia has been undergoing a transformation that reflects broader governance shifts, as well as raising awareness about global issues such as climate change and pollution. The Gold Coast Book: An Illustrated History. These restrictions were put in place to ensure the existing character and amenity of the Spit, as a place communities valued, was preserved and maintained. 9Donning the social constructionist goggles allows us to observe the built and natural landscape as a social-spatial framework within which people, from different cultural, social and economic groups, interact and create a shared sense of place (Greider and Garkovich, 1994; Mangun et al., 2009). The government perceived the Spit to be, and valued the site as, a space of economic opportunity. Vince, J., A. Smith, K. Sainsbury, I. Cresswell, D. Smith and M. Haward (2015). Describe the impacts of tourism in Nepal (1:02~01:43) The intensive tourism has been only developed for the last 20 years. Picturesque landscapes are often destroyed by tourism. We and our partners use data for Personalised ads and content, ad and content measurement, audience insights and product development. It caused beaches next to our creeks and rivers to experience periods of reduced water quality. Whilst the tourism industry itself has a number of negative environmental impacts. Coastal Zone Management Handbook, CRC Press: 259. Posted by Sarina Castillo | Environmental aspects are little studied, with 1,500 publications in total. The building of marinas and ports can also contribute to the negative environmental impacts of tourism. This includes the construction of buildings, marinas, roads etc. Other tourism related developments on the Spit were also approved during this time and were subsequently built, renovated and extended: an exclusive shopping precinct, a commercial fishing wharf (now also accommodates super yacht berths), an exclusive resort complex and an international hotel and apartment complex (Figure 4). This recurring cycle is initiated by the arrival of new players (stakeholders) into the development arena. At last, the cycle of conflicts seems, currently, to have stalled with the repetitive impetus of new players (develop the Spit! Secret study values Broadwater at $4.1b August 12, URL: . The 1998 Gold Coast Harbour Study Issues Paper was part of this endeavour to address local issues at the local scale and take into account local place values and interests. The intent of this Paper was to produce an integrated and coordinated land use and management plan for the Gold Coast Broadwater (Whelan, 2006). It is important to note however, that the decision by the government not to proceed was taken at the height of a state government election campaign. Clark (1995) explains the intensity of conflicts in coastal management since its process operates at the interface between land and water, between private and public stakeholders, as well as between private (or quasi-private) property-based operations in shorelands and public (common) property-based activities in the tidelands and coastal waters. Qualitative Research Methods In Human Geography, The Power of Place: Urban Landscapes as Public History. An analysis of the survey data indicated that 73 percent of the respondents had been visiting the Spit for three or more years, with 28 percent of respondents visiting the Spit for over 16 years. The old players continue to advocate for more transparent governance and to protect the quality of life that has become intrinsic to a valued, renowned and iconic Gold Coast lifestyle (Bosman, 2016) and identity (Potts et al, 2013). 29The battle between old and new players and their place-making practices is ongoing. Proceedings of UHPH 14 Landscapes and ecologies of urban history and planning: Passion, Power & Prejudice: A Remarkable Untold Account of a Magic City in the Making Gold Coast. Private land conservation URL: . As a result, by the 1980s the Broadwater and the Spit were secured by the construction of groins, channel dredging and a sand bypass system. I have also created a new YouTube video on the environmental impacts of tourism, you can see this below. The feeling of attachment that is produced from knowing a place comes from living that place. George, J., chair (2009). Entrepreneuriat : Quelle voie pour le dveloppement d'Hati? Mountain areas also commonly suffer at the hands of the tourism industry. Much of the literature on the history of Aboriginal-European conflict in Australia is written with a Euro-centric perspective (Anderson, 1983; Best, 1994). Current risks such as sea level rise, storm tide inundation and coastal erosion are compounded by the predicted impacts of climate change. In part, by recognizing the importance of the coastline and its natural features, the debate has shifted slightly from a focus on economic to one that acknowledges some of the critical environmental issues related to coastal development and the local, national and global importance of coastal conservation. Golf course maintenance can also deplete fresh water resources. Vince, J. Animals are often displaced when their homes are destroyed or when they are disturbed by noise. And dont forget to leave me a comment to say hi too!). These were (SOSA, b): The economic benefits to the community, the City and the state were marginal because SOSA research indicated that cruise liner passengers spent more money on board the than they did on shore. (Hons.) Cependant, du point de vue national, comme, historiquement, il ny a eu quune faible jurdiction concernant lamnagement et la protection des zones maritimes et du littoral, de nombreux conflits sociaux et environmentaux ont vu le jour. Urry, J. There is, however, no overriding jurisdiction covering planning law enforcement in maritime areas and, this situation has led to many social and environmental conflicts. New players and new ideas are likely to result in proposals for the development of the Spit environs time and time again in the future. An analysis of the survey data indicated that 73 percent of the respondents had been visiting the Spit for three or more years, with 28 percent of respondents visiting the Spit for over 16 years. Kruger and S.E. Raybould et al. *FREE* shipping on eligible orders. La ville ctire de Gold Coast, en Australie, sest dveloppe grce un environnement naturel exceptionnel, qui comprend un accs direct la mer, un littoral de sable blanc, une large baie naturellement protge et plusieurs rivires.