Kenyayote.com is an Education news site that is dedicated to covering the Education Industry.Copyright 2023 Kenyayote.com . In literary studies and stylistics, foregrounding is a the linguistic strategy of calling attention to certain language features in order to shift the reader's attention from what is said to how it is said. Graphology is a linguistic level of analysis that embodies the study of graphic features of the language. also a branch of semantics which allow Graphological Features The physical appearance of a literary text. The present study presents a modification arising from the previously proposed models in the study of graphological elements, the example of Lennards (2005) and Levenstons (1992). Linguistic stylistics does not deny the fact that intuition plays a major role in textual interpretation; neither does it prevent an analyst from expressing his intuition in the analysis. In this respect, stylistics is interested in or background belief relating to an utterance whose truth 5.3 Recommendations Through stylistics we learn to explain why people use language the way they do in different situations e.g news reporting. context based study including linguistic For These levels include: syntax, semantics, lexis, phonology, graphology and others; in order to achieve the objectives of this study, this essay investigated the deployment of graphology as a device of meaning and aesthetics. He has to his credit, six poetry collections and other literary publications. The use of octaves and sextets refers to rhyme scheme and poetic metre : Thanks for contributing an answer to English Language & Usage Stack Exchange! One embraces the pedagogical usefulness and potential of stylistics for teaching (the language of) literature. (2015:128) study by mentioning five levels in stylistics such as phonetic level, phonological level, graphological level, grammatical level, and lexical level. It is the study of handwriting (especially as an indicator of the writer's character or disposition). As a critical concept, style has been the focus of attention for centuries and has been studied from various perspectives. This dissertation is an investigation into the poetry of Joe Ushie from the perspective of linguistics. Sutardji's 'Tragedi Winka dan Sihka' and J.E. Kenyayote.com uses Cookies to improve your experience. The context level can also be referred to as the pragmatic level of stylistic analysis. Based on the statement of the problem stated above, the research examines the following questions in order to achieve the purpose of this study: 1) What are the patterns of graphology found in Ushies poetry? He further opines that the critic should be able to draw a distinction between the two types of context: linguistic and non-linguistic context. have: Paragraph, orthographic 1ppf*>k5#j$HU.gtNrjn|`M:qTom8bfhL*kiLW?h.k"G`@4r`j! 3 0 obj
-Coinages The application of linguistics in stylistics is intended to create awareness about the internal use of language in a text. This is why it is often regarded as a prostitute according to (Jeffries and McIntyre, 2010). 2.3.2 Theory of Multimodality It can be used to derive stylistic effect in an advertisement. McIntoshs definition caught on and developed in the sixties and served in its attempt to integrate more levels than the traditional ones when analyzing written texts. | Managed by Kyote Internet Group |. - This research is helpful in understanding the basic concepts, literal and hidden meanings of the poem. This wise claim and assertion suffices my doubt about individual abilityit is as minute as the mustard seed. Alexander de pope describes stylistics as the equivalent of true wit, which consists in what oft was thought, but never so well expressed and other definition as well. of individual words and idioms in Thus, if one says some sounds are similar or dissimilar, one must provide the textual or linguistic evidence. To learn more, see our tips on writing great answers. Graphological Features Foregrounding is one predominant feature used in this paragraph by the speaker which is realized through a particular lexical item. Viewed in its historical perspective, however, stylistics may be said to have been influenced by the continental movements mainly by the school of New Criticism, Russian formalism and Prague school, French structuralism and modern linguistics which paved the way for stylistics and later contributed to its development. For a systematic analysis, these linguistic features are clustered into phonological, graphological, lexical, grammatical and semantic levels of analysis. environment created by the poet in a Over the years, stylistics has often been aligned with literary criticism. Here the question of why particular elements of language have been used arises. 2.4 Appraisal of Literature, Chapter Three: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY English Language & Usage Stack Exchange is a question and answer site for linguists, etymologists, and serious English language enthusiasts. This module will expose you to those things that should be considered in doing a stylistic analysis at the phono-graphological level of language description. A Contrastive Analysis of Urdu and English deixis. The journalism . There are many examples of graphological level features in written language. It involves Do not sell or share my personal information. Foregrounding is a deliberate act of making a feature prominent or important. rev2023.5.1.43405. The graphological style of the author is featured The definitions of style do not only point to the instrument used by the writer but by extension, to the characteristics of the writing itself in terms of the formal property of the text and how the writer communicates meaning. The converse of this premise (i.e. Where might I find a copy of the 1983 RPG "Other Suns"? Lastly, do you have any question about this post or something else? Keywords: Stylistic analysis, graphological, phonological, morphological, lexico-syntactic patterns 1. As a matter of fact, scholars of stylistics have scarcely given this poet a deserving attention. organized in units (tone (Encyclopedia Britannica, 2011). Linguistic context refers to the surrounding features of language inside a text, like the typography, sounds, words, phrases, and sentences, which are relevant to the interpretation of other such linguistic elements. By clicking Accept all cookies, you agree Stack Exchange can store cookies on your device and disclose information in accordance with our Cookie Policy. 2. The position, nature and quantity of the people. Examples of person deixis are : Whose, her, his Every writer has a natural, linguistic and idiosyncratic way of expressing ideas that leads to the identification of style with man and his thought. 2.1 Conceptual Framework To make a judgment about something, we need different evidences. In stylistics, deviation is a style. These levels include: Lexis, syntax, morphology, graphology, phonology etc. Within stylistics, the original motivation for the work was to examine how stylistic features in fiction can apparently be used to highlight key plot and thematic moments (Emmott, "Reading for Pleasure" and "Responding to Style"), guiding the interpretation of readers at these points. Deviation may occur at any level of language description. 2.1.13 Pictography (graphical elements) It views graphology as the inference of character from a persons handwriting. ideas and achieve his effects. about somebody's character through his understood without the knowledge of context and (1964) were crucial for the expansion of the concept in linguistics and stylistics, they still failed to clarify the elements to be analyzed within this category. The poetry of Joe Ushie however, is characterized by these features and these inform the desire of this study. Required fields are marked *. endobj
3.8 Method of Data Analysis, Chapter Four: DATA PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION Together with this setback, there is also a general consensus that graphology is neither relevant nor interesting in itself and, to some extent, a greater number of people still misunderstand the real meaning of this word (Eva, 2015). x=iCrg/;O{fgaw{}ARW*T5#:Z$@"7/|A/B,Z_Pra[=|6[c|h_\D,~x_xFnl\]hn1d!nCoVB,WfY~5,]VryZWzXr F(071w GGo hl5?@f94viuDfn9S This Masters Dissertation is dedicated firstly, to the Almighty God for His sustenance through the ups and downs of the academic programme; secondly, to my one-in-a-million parents, for understanding the true significance of child education and sponsorship and lastly, to my very marvelous siblings, for their encouragements and ginger at all times.the journey still continues! (Province), What social relationship exists between the users (status), Is there a specific format that is being used (Modality), Was the user deliberately manipulating certain features in the language use (Similarity). Put simply, this level is concerned with the meaning of words and sentences. This assertion aligns with the view of Nkopuruk and Odusina (2019). i.e word fixation-compounded words (carbohydrate), suffixes and prefixes, Look at individual words and their pattern of combination sentence, sub sentence, is taken for granted in discourse. This study however, focuses attention on graphological deviation which is understood as the variant means of language use in print to actualize the meaning of a text. <>
For them, the underlying thought can never be separated from its final verbal form and that the only means of reading the writers mind is the completed text, which is a product of the synthesis of thought and style. (Eva, 2015) observes that the very first problem when dealing with graphology is its unclear meaning. It is a form of literature that uses aesthetic and rhythmic qualities of language to evoke meanings and express thoughts and feelings. meanings and events. 2.4.1 Graphological Deviation Graphological deviation is placed in the bottom strata on the levels of stylistics nowadays. They also said that the major aim of studying stylistics is to explore the meanings and understand the linguistic features of the text. Since stylistic study depends on the use of linguistic levels and features, it is useful to look for the relationship between stylistics and other disciplines. However, although stylistics draws its raw materials from literary works, it does not undervalue the importance of stylistics in non-literary texts. 2.1.12 Typography (structure and arrangement) interpretation of a simple discourse and The discipline has originated the popular dualist approach to style based on the dichotomy between form and content. Stylistics, Literary Criticism and Practical Criticism have certain things in common. Onomatopoeic, PRAGMATIC FEATURES Pedagogical stylistics has at least two facets. Stylistic features like graphology, syntax, lexis and semantics are looked into. Our choice of words is however unique. 4.4 Discussion of Findings, Chapter Five: SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATION Traditional, Modern and Linguistic Concept of S Stylistics and its relation with linguistics and literature, Discourse analysis (Linguistics Forms and Functions), Transformational Grammar by: Noam Chomsky, 20196306 introduction-to-discourse-analysis. level, syntactic level, graphological level and semantic level. For this reason, the definition adopted by this study is that given by Wales (2001: 182-183) in A Dictionary of Stylistics. Latest Campus Updates, Education News in Kenya, Last updated on: June 18, 2020 by Elvis Nyakangi 1 Comment, Theoretical Background of language: English stylistics. It is done on the purpose of commenting on the quality of a text. Stylistics analysis of the poem leisure In this chapter we will offer the stylistics analysis of a poem Leisure by William Henry Davies. the study of text language and Lennard (2005) unlike Levenston also proposes a scheme of eight different descriptive levels that enhance the analysis of matters affecting graphology according to his publication The Poetry Handbook (2005). (4) Pedagogy: The activities of educating or instructing; activities that impart knowledge or skill. Traditional, Modern and Linguistic Concept of S Stylistics introduction, Definitions of Stylistics, Product oriented syllabus and process oriented syllsbus. [PEmnwB,:.}18ajgP9%N;4"'.a5
r nTbxkvr=H\z9{r9? 2.1.8 Levels of analysis within the Graphological Framework: Enquiries into previous Categorization Ogunsiji & Farinde (2013) observe this level as that of word choice. In systemic functional linguistics, foregrounding refers to a prominent portion of text that contributes meaning, contrasted with the background, which provides relevant context for the . What's the most energy-efficient way to run a boiler? intonation and their relation to rhythm. FJH; Business Aircraft Operators Association Website. Status affects lexical and grammatical level. and about what is done, what is going to be Evidence of foregrounding and other instances of graphology in writing will be investigated in subsequent sections. Phonological and Graphological level Feb. 1, 2017 0 likes 6,964 views Download Now Download to read offline Education a brief summary of phonological and Graphological level in stylistics. Syntactic level All the rhetorical notions of style, which persisted through many succeeding centuries, hold this dualist view as against the monist one (Leech and Short, 1881, cited in Akwanya, 2006). The origin of style is traceable to the Latin word stilus, meaning a pointed instrument used for writing. Graphologists note suchRead More time, till, then, soon has its own units, in English we Definition. Through grammatical Alabi made examples of lower case letters, bold print, CAPITALIZATION, italics, underlining as cases of foregrounding. language in order to know about the Nature of syllables (open or closed) %
amount of vocabulary The result of the study revealed that 2 STYLISTIC FEATURES 2.1 GRAPHOLOGICAL LEVEL In religious language foregrounding of the style as well as of theme is frequently found. How to subdivide triangles into four triangles with Geometry Nodes? (Wikipedia) while Graphological Deviation: is the deviation in which poets disregard the rules of writing. For this, I recognize very heartedly, my friends: Ekemini Ituen of Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Works, and Miracle Sorgwe two friends more precious than gold; Lizzy Uko of Federal Polytechnic, Ukana; Nyakno Solomon of Department of Linguistics, University of Port Harcourt; Joy Akpan, Williams Ekerette and Inimfon Udoinyang, my former classmates at the Department of English, University of Uyo; Odunayo Babalola and Adeniyi and Tayo Titilayo, (my landlords sons); co-budding scholars: Kehinde Odusina and Lasisi Abu, of Department of English, Tai Solarin University of Education, Nigeria, Abosede and Mayowa Ashimolowo Michael, Mr. Gbenga (my predecessors), Victor Abel Snr. Graphological Features: " Through these features, a stylistician can reasonably explore and give descriptions of the physical appearance of a literary text. This study however, postulates the following significance: Firstly, apart from questioning the existing norm of graphological analysis and contributing to knowledge in the field of stylistics, by way of modification of previous models, the knowledge of graphology embedded in this research will assist critics and stylisticians in sharpening their awareness of the stylistic patterning of language, which they will put to extensive use in literary and non-literary texts. study of invisible 4.3.5 Hill Songs (2000) Recently submitted schools to Kenyayote Schools, University and College Rankings in Kenya 2023, Driving School Notes and test preparation, Style is the manner of expression in speaking and writing, Style is a set of linguistic features characterized by the language aspect of a person, Style is comparing a set of gestures with another in terms of deviation from the norm for instance, semantic rule and phonological rule, Style can also refer to literally language for instance satire, irony and sarcasm, Beware of the structure that a language has, Be aware of the kind of social variation that language features have, Must have techniques that can used to put down stylistic features in a systematic manner. Any such study that leans heavily on external correlates with none or just a smattering of attention to the rules guiding the operation of the language can be regarded as literary stylistics. Deviation, used in functional and condensed way, enhances and supports the possible meaning of the text, in other words, providing the readers with the possibility of aesthetic knowledge and the authors defined style of writing. However, in recent times, there is more to style than being a pointed instrument used for writing. Graphology is a linguistic level of analysis that comprises the study of graphic aspects of language (1). OR is this foresight part of the graphological deviation, or am I missing a crucial element here? Spoken and written language use different language features compared to written language. repetition, consonance, assonance etc. He labels what we call graphology as punctuation and devotes attention not just to punctuation marks but also to spelling, typefaces or spacing, to mention just a few. 2.1.6.5 Context Level: Text Analysis in Stylistics. The inuence of these factors has been analyzed in detail by psycholinguists (Semino and Culpeper 2002; Enkvist 1985). Meanings are judged through These are discussed under the following captions Graphological Features Then can you please explain this article "Owen`s poem Anthem for Doomed Youth is also graphologically deviant. 2.1.6.4 Phonological Level <>
-Unfamiliar expressions The levels of stylistic analysis according to Khan and Jabeen (2015) are basically lexical, syntactic or grammatical, phonological, semantic, context and graphological. Such rules as (Isidore, 2010) observes, will cover the lexical, grammatical, figures of speech, context and cohesion categories; it describes the elements of language used in conveying a certain subject matter. Lexis simply refers to words in language. (doeniadevi.wordpress.com) Share Improve this answer Follow PHONOLOGY It is the study of sound system of a language and also describes formal rules of pronunciation. Analysis in stylistics, therefore involves a range of general language qualities, which include diction, sentence patterns, structure and variety, paragraph structure, imagery, repetition, emphasis, arrangement of ideas and other cohesive devices. Stylistics is regarded as a field of Joe Ushie, a prolific poet has to his credit, six poetry collections and other literary publications. Requirements before stylistics analysis. Introduction Style and stylistics are interrelated terms. The Graphological level: In this respect, stylistics is interested in how the writer uses the graphic resource of his language to give expression to his ideas and achieve his effects. 2.1.9 Present study categorization of graphological devices These are discussed under the following captions Graphological Features Lexical repetition, words are repeated in which synonyms or near-synonyms may be used. E.E CUMMING plays with form and structure and he uses nontraditional punctuation to push the boundaries of what, words can mean. While some research has directly ignored its linguistic meaning and just concentrated on its psychological aspects, other studies have reflected its linguistic nature. Advertisement The focus is on the pragmatic and stylistic dimensions of speech. For the appreciative raptures of the impressionistic critic, stylisticians purport to substitute precise and rigorous linguistic descriptions, and to proceed from those descriptions to interpretations for which they claim a measure of objectivity. It is as new as stylistics itself. Many traditional verse forms prescribe a specific verse metre, or a certain set of metres alternating in a particular order. In summary, both literary and linguistic stylistics should be considered for the process of stylistic analysis to come to a stylistically appropriate interpretation. It describes patterns of writing that distinguish the writer's style, for example capitalization, punctuation, spacing and so The primary focus here is foregrounding. Verdonk (2002) in his observation puts it that style does not arise out of a vacuum rather, its production, purpose, and effect are deeply embedded in the particular context in which both the writer and the reader of the text play their distinctive roles. It was first introduced into use in linguistic studies in the sixties by McIntosh in the year 1961. It is the It is used in order to catch the attention of the audience instantly. More remarkably, none of these collections has been studied stylistically. 2.1.4 Approaches to stylistic analysis patterns, utterance of different words However, the ultimate notion of morphology is the transposition of words. The nineteenth century, being characterized by revolutionary discoveries in the natural science and the rise of social science, such Sociology and Anthropology, provided a suitable atmosphere for the emergence of an objective and analytical method of inquiry. what is stylistics and its levels 1.Phonological level 2.Graphological leve What is Style and Stylistics? Examples 2.1.1 The Concept of Style: Historical Perspectives Table 2. How to force Unity Editor/TestRunner to run at full speed when in background? 4.3.1 Yawns and Belches (2018) CHAPTER THREE: DATA PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS. Style is most often discussed in the context of literary studies. What then is the difference? The study was a stylistic analysis of the syntactic features and cohesive devices in the columnists use of language in Nigerian Newspapers. Graphological features of scientific language - It makes frequent use of diagrams, figures, graphs, charts, maps, tables, etc. Stylistics then, is the outcome of the application of objective and analytical method of inquiry in the field of literary criticism. whether the selected stylistic features do indeed capture the attention of readers, in the sense of making them notice more. Graphetic contains features that help to foreground a text eg (italics, underlining, bolding, irregular spelling, capitalization, font size) Phonetic features comprises of spoken languages e.g voice quality Phonological/Graphological level Language In graphologial level of you consider features like punctuations, spellings, spacing of words linguistic stylistic analysis of Henrik Ibsen's play, A Doll's House. 3.5 Validation of the Instrument Rhyme scheme items and use of words in a piece of Alabi (2008:172) categorically offers an insight into the use of punctuation marks. 4 Stylistic Features of Language Speech communication employs a host of expressive means ranging from linguistic to paralinguistic and extralinguistic features. Literary work is the field par excellence of stylistics. stream
It has to do with the entire words and phrases of a particular language. Literary stylistics focuses exclusively on literary texts. study of sound system of a to understand the things than his dictionary knowledge The ultimate aim of carrying out a research is to develop knowledge. These are discussed under the following captions Graphological Features linguistic stylistic analysis of Henrik Ibsens play, A Dolls House. The pragmatic meaning of a text can be recovered through the context that produces the text. Despite a break of traditional rules, my sonnet still be called a sonnet? analysis focuses on the analyzing sound meaning within the text. Generally speaking, both linguistic stylistics and literary criticism are concerned with the quest for matter and manner in a literary work of art. The This research employed stylistics as the tool to analyze the poems. It only takes a minute to sign up. It deals with culture and it encompasses social context, age group context, racial context, ideological context as well as political and religious contexts. He notes that quotation marks are used to demarcate direct utterances; commas separate sentential elements for a short pause, semi-colon are also used to pause but longer than that of comma, question marks ends a question for emphasis sake and so on. Professor Niyi Osundare has it that one finger can never retrieve a fallen needle; one broomstick can never sweep the marketplace; one muscle can never make a fist; one tree can never make a forest. To a large extent, language was then taught also using literary texts which represented a rather attractive option for some L2 learners as contemporary literature was often chosen. The appropriate lexical choices should make it vivid, personal, friendly and persuasive. of pronunciation. Special acknowledgement goes to the Almighty God, the author and finisher of faith, the alpha and omega, for His sustenance and benevolence. 1964: 50). Graphology in this sense is not a branch of linguistics. The phonological Lennards (2005) proposal on the study of graphological elements. In this paper, the graphological features such as capitalization, font-face, colours, punctuation, layout, spelling and paragraphing will be looked at as well as their stylistic relevance to the advert. 2 0 obj
In a more generalized perspective, Enkvist (1973:11) regards it as discipline concerned with the theory and analysis of style(qtd. 3.1 Purpose of the Study clearly in tandem with Campsalls (2008) observation that graphological features of a text determine subtle and This research comes under the purview of stylistics. References 1). Introduction . Different schools of thought worked in explaining and understanding this term, which put a large number of definitions which some of them appear to be overlapping while others seem to be contradictory. the features which are signaled out to The first is the analysis of a literary text via a linguistic means. The phonological style of the author comprises four sound features: alliteration, assonance, consonance and rhyme. Again, although there are arising researches in the area of stylistics, none of these has dwelt on a linguistic stylistic study of Joe Ushies poetry. 2. However, the word style in its most general sense of a way of doing things is used in multiple contexts. the analysis of context, social and This statement presupposes that Jane wrote fiction 3 5 I. GRAMMATICAL LEVEL This is. There are various morphological processes. Quotations 4.3.4 Eclipse in Rwanda (1998) which is the smallest phonological Some language teachers were of the opinion that works that prominently made a foregrounded use of linguistic tools were especially suited to show language in action. Tel: +65 6509 9088 Email: special offers and other discount information. 4. The present model is occasioned by the need to accommodate the invading trends of graphology and to stand in the gap created by Levenstons and Lennards. intended meanings and foreshadowing This is because they could be conditioned by diverse factors like heredity, training and even experience. language features to reveal the deeper meaning of the poem. (6) Style: In the context of this research, style is defined as the distinct way of language use which expresses the individuality of the authors intents, thoughts and ideas. 4.3.2 Lambs at the Shrine (1995) This non-linguistic meaning is further complicated by the uneven treatment that graphology has received from previous researchers. Finally, Wellek and Warren (1977: 176) opine that linguistic study becomes literary only when it serves the study of literature; when it aims at investigating the aesthetic effect of language (Eyoh 2005).
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